晚清偽譯政治小說中的行動主義傾向 : 以《自由結婚》為例

Abstract

As a political novel that advocates violence against the Qing government by then revolutionists, Free Marriage brings severe criticism of the society to the fore. The novel, replete with strong political motivations, is under the guise of translation for two reasons: first, it can attract target readers due to the popularity of the translated works at that time; second, it can evade censorship from the authority. Translation is not an end but a means of “resistance” and even “engagement” for the pseudotranslators. Pseudotranslation is the quintessence and the most radical form of activism translation. By catering to the dominant ideology in society, the pseudotranslator brings the revolutionary or even subversive role of translation during transitional periods into full play. 作為一本鼓吹暴力革命的小說，《自由結婚》披著翻譯的外衣，猛烈抨擊晚清政府與西方列強，體現出強烈的政治動機。而以翻譯的面目示人，可以使小說一方面吸引目的語讀者，另一方面規避權力機構的審查。對於偽譯者而言，「翻譯」不是目的，而是一種「抵抗」甚至「介入」的手段。偽譯集中體現了行動主義翻譯，是其最激進的表現形式。以翻譯之名行革命之實，偽譯者充分利用目的語文化中的主流意識形態，將偽譯在社會轉型時期所能起到的變革甚至顛覆作用發揮得淋漓盡致。