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http://hdl.handle.net/10397/89047
| Title: | Internal focus instruction increases psychological stress with conscious motor processing and deteriorates motor performance in dart throwing | Authors: | Law, JCL Wong, TWL |
Issue Date: | Feb-2021 | Source: | Cognitive processing, Feb. 2021, v. 22, p. 57-64 | Abstract: | Internal focus attention strategies have been found to diminish motor performance. This study attempted to elucidate this finding using the constrained action hypothesis and the theory of reinvestment through exploring their underlying mechanisms. Sixty-one young participants completed a self-paced "dart throwing" motor task to examine the effects of internal focus instruction, compared with no focus instruction, on conscious motor processing (reinvestment), psychological stress, and motor performance. Participants threw darts with standardized internal focus and no focus instructions given before each trial block of dart throwing. Motor performance was indicated by the throw accuracy and throw time. Stress was measured using a galvanic skin response probe. An insight into real-time conscious motor processing (reinvestment) was provided by the electroencephalography coherence between T3 and Fz locations on the scalp. Results indicated that internal focus instruction could cause participants to have lower throw accuracy (p = 0.008), longer throw time (p = 0.001), higher stress (p = 0.001) and higher real-time conscious motor processing (reinvestment) (p = 0.001) than no focus instruction. The significant results imply that internal focus instruction should be avoided in the self-paced motor task learning due to its detrimental effects. | Keywords: | Attentional focus instruction Motor performance Conscious motor processing Stress Dart throwing |
Publisher: | Springer | Journal: | Cognitive processing | ISSN: | 1612-4782 | EISSN: | 1612-4790 | DOI: | 10.1007/s10339-020-00991-7 | Rights: | © Marta Olivetti Belardinelli and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use (https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms), but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-020-00991-7. |
| Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Law_Internal_Focus_Instruction.pdf | Pre-Published version | 1.1 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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