“知识分子负担”与家务劳动——劳心与劳力、性别与阶级之一

Abstract

20世纪80年代关于"知识分子负担"的讨论凸显了脑力劳动(业务工作)和体力劳动(家务劳动)的矛盾,使家务劳动的问题成为一个阶层的特有负担,而遮蔽了性别的问题。重读80年代的小说《人到中年》可以读出以下问题:家务劳动在话语上怎样变成了一种负担?陆文婷为什么只能代表知识分子,而不是女性?谁是家务劳动理想的、合适的承担者?"知识分子负担"的话语如何为保姆进城搭台?对小部分家庭而言,雇佣家务劳动是用阶级的关系"解决"家务劳动中性别分工的问题和家务劳动社会化不足的问题。社会主流对家务劳动的定位、认识和处理反映出改革时代的现代化进程中,脑体、城乡和男女这三组社会差别的重构。 In 1980s, the discussion about "the burdens of the intelligentsia" gave prominence to the contradiction between brain work (office job) and manual labour (household chores),making the issue of household chores a matter of class difference rather than gender difference. By re-reading the much-acclaimed novelette of that period, At Middle Age, we have come up with the following questions: how did household chores become a burden? Why was Lu Wenting viewed as an intellectual and never as a female? Who should have been the ideal and adequate bearer of the household chores? How did the discussion about “the burdens of the intelligentsia”set the stage for the large influx of maidservants from the rural area? To a small number of families，hiring a housekeeper is a means of using class difference as a solution to gender difference in household labour division. How the mainstream society understands, defines and deals with household labour reflects the restructuring of the social differences between brain and brawn, urban and rural, and male and female in the process of modernization in the era of reform.