Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/113897
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Title: Embodied artificial intelligence in ophthalmology
Authors: Qiu, Y 
Chen, X 
Wu, X 
Li, Y
Xu, P 
Jin, K
Shang, X 
Chotcomwongse, P
He, M 
Shi, D 
Issue Date: 2025
Source: npj digital medicine, 2025, v. 8, 351
Abstract: Embodied artificial intelligence (EAI) integrates perception, memory, reasoning and action through physical interaction, enabling multimodal dynamic learning and real-time feedback. In ophthalmology, EAI supports data-driven decision-making, improving the precision and personalization of diagnosis, surgery, and treatment. It also holds transformative potential in medical education and scientific research by simulating clinical scenarios and accelerating discovery. This perspective highlights EAI’s unique potential while addressing current challenges in data, interpretation, and ethics, and outlines future directions for its clinical integration.
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Journal: npj digital medicine 
EISSN: 2398-6352
DOI: 10.1038/s41746-025-01754-4
Rights: Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
© The Author(s) 2025
The following publication Qiu, Y., Chen, X., Wu, X. et al. Embodied artificial intelligence in ophthalmology. npj Digit. Med. 8, 351 (2025) is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01754-4.
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