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Title: | Effortful control and prefrontal cortex functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder : an fNIRS study | Authors: | Krishnamurthy, K Yeung, MK Chan, AS Han, YMY |
Issue Date: | Nov-2020 | Source: | Brain sciences, Nov. 2020, v. 10, no. 11, 880, p. 1-17 | Abstract: | Effortful control (EC) is an important dimension of temperament, but is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While EC is associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning in typically developing (TD) children, it is unclear whether EC deficits are associated with PFC dysfunction in ASD. This study examines the relationship between EC and PFC activation and connectivity in children with high-functioning ASD. Thirty-nine right-handed children (ASD: n = 20; TD: n = 19) aged 8–12 years were recruited. The EC level was assessed with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire—Revised (EATQ-R), and PFC functioning, in terms of activation and connectivity during a frontal-sensitive (n-back) task, was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Children with ASD showed a significant deficit in EC and its related constructs (i.e., executive, and socioemotional functions) compared to TD controls. They also showed significantly increased overall PFC activation and reduced right frontal connectivity during the n-back task. Among children with ASD, the EC level correlated significantly with neither PFC activation nor connectivity; it significantly correlated with social functioning only. This study demonstrated EC deficits and altered PFC functioning in children with ASD, but the exact neural basis of EC deficits remains to be determined. | Keywords: | Autism spectrum disorder Connectivity Effortful control Executive function fNIRS |
Publisher: | MDPI AG | Journal: | Brain sciences | EISSN: | 2076-3425 | DOI: | 10.3390/brainsci10110880 | Rights: | © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The following publication Krishnamurthy, K., Yeung, M. K., Chan, A. S., & Han, Y. M. Y. (2020). Effortful control and prefrontal cortex functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder: An fNIRS study. Brain Sciences, 10(11), 880, 1-17 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110880 |
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