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Title: | How does lower limb respond to unexpected balance perturbations ? New insights from synchronized human kinetics, kinematics, muscle electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) data | Authors: | Zhu, RTL Lyu, PZ Li, S Tong, CY Ling, YT Ma, CZH |
Issue Date: | Jun-2022 | Source: | Biosensors, June 2022, v. 12, no. 6, 430 | Abstract: | Making rapid and proper compensatory postural adjustments is vital to prevent falls and fall-related injuries. This study aimed to investigate how, especially how rapidly, the multiple lower-limb muscles and joints would respond to the unexpected standing balance perturbations. Unexpected waist-pull perturbations with small, medium and large magnitudes were delivered to twelve healthy young adults from the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral directions. Electromy-ographical (EMG) and mechanomyographical (MMG) responses of eight dominant-leg muscles (i.e., hip abductor/adductors, hip flexor/extensor, knee flexor/extensor, and ankle dorsi-flexor/plantarflexors) together with the lower-limb joint angle, moment, and power data were rec-orded. The onset latencies, time to peak, peak values, and/or rate of change of these signals were analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed that: (1) agonist muscles resisting the delivered perturbation had faster activation than the antagonist muscles; (2) ankle muscles showed the largest rate of activation among eight muscles following both anteroposterior and mediolateral perturbations; (3) lower-limb joint moments that complied with the perturbation had faster increase; and (4) larger perturbation magnitude tended to evoke a faster response in muscle activities, but not necessarily in joint kinetics/kinematics. These findings provided insights regarding the underlying mechanism and lower-limb muscle activities to maintain reactive standing balance in healthy young adults. | Keywords: | Balance control Balance perturbation Compensatory postural adjustment (CPA) Electromyography (EMG) Mechanomyography (MMG) Onset latency Reactive balance response Skeletal muscle Time to peak Waist-pulling perturbation |
Publisher: | MDPI AG | Journal: | Biosensors | EISSN: | 2079-6374 | DOI: | 10.3390/bios12060430 | Rights: | © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The following publication Zhu RT-L, Lyu P-Z, Li S, Tong CY, Ling YT, Ma CZ-H. How Does Lower Limb Respond to Unexpected Balance Perturbations? New Insights from Synchronized Human Kinetics, Kinematics, Muscle Electromyography (EMG) and Mechanomyography (MMG) Data. Biosensors. 2022; 12(6):430 is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12060430. |
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