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http://hdl.handle.net/10397/95714
Title: | Unraveling the rate-dependent stability of metal anodes and its implication in designing cycling protocol | Authors: | Hou, Z Gao, Y Zhou, R Zhang, B |
Issue Date: | 9-Feb-2022 | Source: | Advanced functional materials, 9 Feb. 2022, v. 32, no. 7, 2107584 | Abstract: | It is widely recognized that a high current rate (J) speeds up dendrite formation and thus shortens the cycle life of metal anodes. Here, an anomalous correlation is reported between elevated J and deposition/stripping stability (decrease–increase–decrease), leading to the relative maximum stability at a moderate J. Complementary theoretical and experimental analyses suggest that such a complex relationship lies in high J's dual and contradictory roles in kinetics and thermodynamics. The well-known former renders decreased Sand's time (τ) and deteriorative cyclic stability, while the commonly overlooked latter provides larger extra energy that accelerates nucleation rate (νn). Using Zn metal anode as a model system, the νn and τ controlled nucleation-growth process is unambiguously revealed, both of which are closely related to J. Based on these findings, an initial high J discharge strategy is developed to produce abundant nuclei for uniform metal growth at standard J in the subsequent process. The protocol increases the Zn deposition/stripping lifetime from 303 to 2500 h under a cycling capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 without resorting to electrode/electrolyte modification. Furthermore, such a concept can be readily extended to Li/K metal anodes with significantly enhanced cycle life, demonstrating its universality for developing high-performance metal batteries. | Keywords: | Current rate Discharge/charge protocol Kinetics Li/K/Zn metal anodes Nucleation rate Sand's time Thermodynamics |
Publisher: | Wiley-VCH | Journal: | Advanced functional materials | ISSN: | 1616-301X | EISSN: | 1616-3028 | DOI: | 10.1002/adfm.202107584 | Rights: | © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Hou, Z., Gao, Y., Zhou, R., Zhang, B., Unraveling the Rate-Dependent Stability of Metal Anodes and Its Implication in Designing Cycling Protocol. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2107584, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202107584. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. |
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Hou_Unraveling_Rate-Dependent_Stability.pdf | Pre-Published version | 1.49 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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