Ultrasmall metal−organic framework Zn-MOF-74 nanodots : size-controlled synthesis and application for highly selective colorimetric sensing of iron(III) in aqueous solution

Abstract

Here, a novel colorimetric sensing platform for highly selective detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solutions was developed based on zero-dimensional Zn-MOF-74 [Zn2(DOBDC), DOBDC = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid] nanodots. The first ultrasmall Zn-MOF-74 nanodots with the average size within 10 nm were successfully synthesized by manipulating the initial conditions with a diluted material system. It was found that the ultrasamll MOF nanodots had a highly selective interaction with Fe3+ and showed a specific blue colorimetric change in aqueous solution. The highly dispersive nature in aqueous solution and high surface-to-volume ratio help MOF-74 nanodots closely interact with the targeted Fe3+ ions with a low limit of detection of 1.04 μM and a fast response within seconds. Finally, we demonstrate that the selective Fe3+ sensing mechanism of Zn-MOF-74 nanodots is due to the selective framework disruption and the formation of Fe-DOBDC salt complex with blue color. It is the first report of nanoscale MOF based colorimetric Fe3+ sensor with low limit of detection (LOD) comparable even to fluorescent MOF based Fe3+ sensors, which could be easily observed by naked-eye without expensive fluorescence apparatuses. The good colorimetric stability in aqueous environment, low limit of detection, rapid response, and nanosize nature enable this MOF nanodot to be a good Fe3+ sensing probe for biological and environmental sensing applications.