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http://hdl.handle.net/10397/92778
Title: | A general definition of formation time for starting jets and forced plumes at low Richardson number | Authors: | Gao, L Guo, HF Yu, SCM |
Issue Date: | Mar-2020 | Source: | Journal of fluid mechanics, 10 Mar. 2020, v. 886, A6 | Abstract: | As an important dimensionless parameter for the vortex formation process, the general form of the formation time defined by Dabiri (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 41, 2009, pp. 17-33) is refined so as to provide better normalization for various vortex generator configurations. Our proposed definition utilizes the total circulation over the entire flow domain rather than that of the forming vortex ring alone. It adopts an integral form by considering the instantaneous infinitesimal increment in the formation time so that the effect of temporally varying properties of the flow configuration can be accounted for properly. By including the effect of buoyancy, the specific form of the general formation time for the starting forced plumes with negative and positive buoyancy is derived. A theoretical prediction based on the Kelvin-Benjamin variational principle shows that the general formation time manifests the invariance of the critical time scale, i.e.The formation number, under the influence of a source-Ambient density difference. It demonstrates that the general formation time, based on the circulation production over the entire flow field, could take into account the effect of various vorticity production mechanisms, such as from a flux term or in a baroclinic fluid, on the critical formation number. The proposed definition may, therefore, serve as a guideline for deriving the specific form of the formation time in other types of starting/pulsatile flows. | Keywords: | Baroclinic flows Jets Vortex dynamics |
Publisher: | Cambridge University Press | Journal: | Journal of fluid mechanics | ISSN: | 0022-1120 | EISSN: | 1469-7645 | DOI: | 10.1017/jfm.2019.1050 | Rights: | This article has been published in a revised form in Journal of Fluid Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.1050. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution or re-use. © The Author(s), 2020. When citing an Accepted Manuscript or an earlier version of an article, the Cambridge University Press requests that readers also cite the Version of Record with a DOI link. The article is subsequently published in revised form in Journal of Fluid Mechanics https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.1050. |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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