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Title: Effectiveness of an individual acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation, delivered face-to-face and by telephone to adults recruited in primary health care settings : a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mak, YW 
Leung, DYP 
Loke, AY 
Issue Date: 2020
Source: BMC public health, 2020, v. 20, no. 1, 1719
Abstract: BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of delivering an individual Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for smoking cessation among a Chinese population.MethodsParticipants were recruited from six primary health care centers. A total of 144 were eligible to take part in the study and agreed to be randomized to the intervention (ACT) group (n =70) and control group (n =74), respectively. Both groups received self-help materials on smoking cessation. The ACT group also underwent an initial face-to-face session and two telephone ACT sessions at 1week and 1month following the first session. They were re-contacted through telephone follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12months by research assistants. The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at the 12-month follow-up session. Other outcomes included biochemically validated quitting, quitting attempts, the intention to quit, the self-perception of quitting, and psychological flexibility.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the self-reported 7-day point prevalence quit rate at the 12-month follow-up between the intervention group (24.3%) and the control group (21.6%) (risk ratio=1.12; 95%CI=(0.62, 2.05); p =0.704). Greater improvements in secondary outcomes from baseline to the 12-month follow-up were observed in the ACT group than in the control group, including a forward progression in the participants' readiness to quit smoking (p =0.014) and increased psychological flexibility (p =0.022).ConclusionsThis study is the first evidence of a randomized-controlled trial on the adoption of an individual ACT for smoking cessation, delivered initially in primary health care settings and subsequently by telephone within a Chinese population. The present study found that the brief ACT intervention could not produce a significant quit rate but was promising in terms of bringing about cognitive changes, including greater psychological flexibility, and more confidence about quitting, when compared to the use of self-help materials only among the general population.Trial registrationThis trial was registered prospectively with the U.S. National Library of Medicine: (NCT01652508) on 26th July 2012.
Keywords: Smoking cessation program
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
Face-to-face
Telephone
Primary health care
Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Publisher: BioMed Central
Journal: BMC public health 
EISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09820-0
Rights: © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
The following publication Mak, Y.W., Leung, D.Y.P. & Loke, A.Y. Effectiveness of an individual acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation, delivered face-to-face and by telephone to adults recruited in primary health care settings: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 20, 1719 (2020) is available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09820-0
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