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Title: | Autophagy in the control and pathogenesis of parasitic infections | Authors: | Ghartey-Kwansah, G Adu-Nti, F Aboagye, B Ankobil, A Essuman, EE Opoku, YK Abokyi, S Abu, EK Boampong, JN |
Issue Date: | 2020 | Source: | Cell and bioscience, 2020, v. 10, 101, p. 1-11 | Abstract: | Background: Autophagy has a crucial role in the defense against parasites. The interplay existing between host autophagy and parasites has varied outcomes due to the kind of host cell and microorganism. The presence of autophagic compartments disrupt a significant number of pathogens and are further cleared by xenophagy in an autolysosome. Another section of pathogens have the capacity to outwit the autophagic pathway to their own advantage. Result: To comprehend the interaction between pathogens and the host cells, it is significant to distinguish between starvation-induced autophagy and other autophagic pathways. Subversion of host autophagy by parasites is likely due to differences in cellular pathways from those of 'classical' autophagy and that they are controlled by parasites in a peculiar way. In xenophagy clearance at the intracellular level, the pathogens are first ubiquitinated before autophagy receptors acknowledgement, followed by labeling with light chain 3 (LC3) protein. The LC3 in LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is added directly into vacuole membrane and functions regardless of the ULK, an initiation complex. The activation of the ULK complex composed of ATG13, FIP200 and ATG101causes the initiation of host autophagic response. Again, the recognition of PAMPs by conserved PRRs marks the first line of defense against pathogens, involving Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These all important immune-related receptors have been reported recently to regulate autophagy. Conclusion: In this review, we sum up recent advances in autophagy to acknowledge and understand the interplay between host and parasites, focusing on target proteins for the design of therapeutic drugs. The target host proteins on the initiation of the ULK complex and PRRs-mediated recognition of PAMPs may provide strong potential for the design of therapeutic drugs against parasitic infections. |
Keywords: | Autophagy Autophagosome Parasitophorous vacuole Xenophagy PAAR |
Publisher: | BioMed Central | Journal: | Cell and bioscience | EISSN: | 2045-3701 | DOI: | 10.1186/s13578-020-00464-6 | Rights: | Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. The following publication Ghartey-Kwansah, G., Adu-Nti, F., Aboagye, B. et al. Autophagy in the control and pathogenesis of parasitic infections. Cell Biosci 10, 101 (2020) is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13578-020-00464-6 |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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Ghartey-Kwansah_Autophagy_Control_Pathogenesis.pdf | 1.02 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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