Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/77214
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dc.contributorDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineeringen_US
dc.creatorYang, Xen_US
dc.creatorWang, Ten_US
dc.creatorXia, Men_US
dc.creatorGao, Xen_US
dc.creatorLi, Qen_US
dc.creatorZhang, Nen_US
dc.creatorGao, Yen_US
dc.creatorLee, Sen_US
dc.creatorWang, Xen_US
dc.creatorXue, Len_US
dc.creatorYang, Len_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-30T08:26:56Z-
dc.date.available2018-07-30T08:26:56Z-
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10397/77214-
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rights© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserveden_US
dc.rights© 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.en_US
dc.rightsThe following publication Yang, X., Wang, T., Xia, M., Gao, X., Li, Q., Zhang, N., ... & Wang, W. (2017). Abundance and origin of fine particulate chloride in continental China. Science of the total environment, 624, 1041-1051 is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.205en_US
dc.subjectAbundanceen_US
dc.subjectAnthropogenic sourceen_US
dc.subjectContinental Chinaen_US
dc.subjectFine chlorideen_US
dc.titleAbundance and origin of fine particulate chloride in continental Chinaen_US
dc.typeJournal/Magazine Articleen_US
dc.identifier.spage1041en_US
dc.identifier.epage1051en_US
dc.identifier.volume624en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.205en_US
dcterms.abstractParticulate chloride can be converted to nitryl chloride (ClNO2) through heterogeneous reactions with dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), and photolysis of ClNO2 affects atmospheric oxidative capacity. However, the characteristics and sources of chloride, especially those with an anthropogenic origin, are poorly characterized, which makes it difficult to evaluate the effects of ClNO2 on radical chemistry and air quality in polluted regions. Aerosol composition data from the literature were compiled to derive the spatial distributions of particulate chloride across China, and hourly aerosol composition data collected at a highly polluted inland urban site in eastern China and at a coastal site in southern China were analysed to gain further insights into non-oceanic sources of chloride. The results show that particulate chloride is concentrated mainly in fine particles and that high chloride loadings are observed in the inland urban areas of northern and western China with higher Cl−/Na+ mass ratios (2.46 to 5.00) than sea water (1.81), indicative of significant contributions from anthropogenic sources. At the inland urban site, the fine chloride displays distinct seasonality, with higher levels in winter and summer. Correlation analysis and positive matrix factorization (PMF) results indicate that coal combustion and residential biomass burning are the main sources (84.8%) of fine chloride in winter, and open biomass burning is the major sources (52.7%) in summer. The transport of plumes from inland polluted areas leads to elevated fine chloride in coastal areas. A simulation with WRF-Chem model confirmed a minor contribution of sea-salt aerosol to fine chloride at the inland site during summer with winds from the East Sea. The widespread sources of chloride, together with abundant NOx and ozone, suggest significant ClNO2 production and subsequent enhanced photochemical processes over China.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsopen accessen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationScience of the total environment, May 2018, v. 624, p. 1041-1051en_US
dcterms.isPartOfScience of the total environmenten_US
dcterms.issued2018-05-
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85039159239-
dc.identifier.eissn1879-1026en_US
dc.identifier.rosgroupid2017001985-
dc.description.ros2017-2018 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalen_US
dc.description.validate201807 bcrcen_US
dc.description.oaAccepted Manuscripten_US
dc.identifier.FolderNumberRGC-B1-095-
dc.description.fundingSourceRGCen_US
dc.description.fundingSourceOthersen_US
dc.description.fundingTextThe National Natural Science Foundation of China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universityen_US
dc.description.pubStatusPublisheden_US
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