Single machine scheduling to minimize batch delivery and job earliness penalties

Abstract

We study a problem in which a set of n jobs has to be batched as well as scheduled for processing on a single machine. A constant machine set-up time is required before the first job of each batch is processed. A schedule specifies the sequence of batches, where each batch comprises a sequence of jobs. The batch delivery time is defined as the completion time of the last job in a batch. The earliness of a job is defined as the difference between the delivery time of the batch to which it belongs and the job completion time. The objective is to find a number B of batches and a schedule so as to minimize the sum of the total weighted job earliness and mean batch delivery time. The problem is shown to be strongly NP-hard. It remains strongly NP-hard if the set-up time is zero and B ≤ U for any variable U ≥ 2 or if B ≥ U for any constant U ≥ 2. The problem is proved to be ordinary NP-hard even if the set-up time is zero and B ≤ 2. For the case B ≤ U, a dynamic programming algorithm is presented, which is pseudopolynomial for any constant U ≥ 2. Algorithms with O(n²) running times are derived for the cases when all weights are equal or all processing times are equal. For the general problem, a family of heuristics is suggested. Computational experiments on the proposed heuristic algorithm are conducted. The results suggest that the heuristics are effective in generating near-optimal solutions quickly.