区分名词与动词的标准、方法及后果

Abstract

本文探讨区分名词和动词的标准、方法及其对语法理论的影响,基本观点是实词的分类应该以语义为基础。词的类别同句法功能不可能一一对应,以句法功能为标准来划分名词和动词会遇到许多困难。只要能够解决动-名兼类词的问题,语义标准应该比功能标准更为实用,可以准确地将名词和动词分开。 This paper is an attempt to establish a set of criteria for distinguishing nouns and verbs. The basic assumption is that the categorization of concrete words should be based on their meaning rather than their syntactic functions. There is no one-to-one correspondence between word classes and syntactic functions and it is therefore difficult to classify words according to their functions. It is easier, on the other hand, to classify words according to their semantic content,as long as a way can be found to categorize words that represent abstract actions or abstract entities.