“被”的句法地位

Abstract

本文讨论“被”的句法地位和“被”字句的结构, 以句法特性为出发点, 探讨“被”的介词说, 动词说, 非限定动词说以及作格化理论的长短得失, 并在双重地位说的基础上提出一种新的分析方法。本文视“被”为对动词短语起作用的被动标记, 并将“被”字句分析为单一小句结构,句中还有一个介词“被”,只是与被动标记合并了, 或者说被删除了。 It is argued in this paper that the "bei" (被) in Chinese passives should not be treated as a verb, nor should it be considered taking a nonfinite or causative complement. It is a passive phrase marker instead of a verb affix. The so-called long passive and short passive are actually based on the same structure, in which a preposition homophonous to the passive marker "bei" introduces the agent phrase in long passives. The phrase headed by the preposition "bei" always occupies the topmost adjunct position of the VP to satisfy a general constraint against homophonous heads and the preposition "bei" is deleted under haplology.