体词谓语句与词类的划分

Abstract

區分體詞和謂詞的出發點是只有謂詞可以充當謂語,而體詞不能這樣做(朱德熙1984),體詞謂語句因而是個自相矛盾的概念。文獻中常見的體詞謂語可以分為兩大類,一種保持了體詞的地位,但實際上只是動詞性謂語的一部分,本身并不具有謂語的地位。另一種由發生了質變的體詞構成,作為其核心的成分已經不再是體詞,而是或者表示性質,已經成為形容詞;或者表示動作,已經變成了動詞。 According to Zhu Dexi(1984) the difference between the two word classes:substantive and predicate,is that a substantive cannot serve as a predicate in a sentence but a predicate can.So a sentence with substantive predicate is a paradox.Two types of substantive predicate can be found in literatures;in one type a substantive is only a part of a verbal predicate and not a predicate itself;in the other type a substantive has already changed to a adjective denoting quality,or a verb denoting action.