“被”字句的归属

Abstract

汉语的书面语和方言用不同的句式表示被动意义, 被动标记有动词性的, 也有介词性的。作为书面语句式, “ 被” 字句的特性十分特别, 主要表现在施事短语的省略上。“ 被” 既不具备典型的动词特点, 又具有典型的非介词特点, 其地位因此极具争议性。本文集中讨论近年来国外语言学界流行的“ 被” 字动词说, 在考察证据真伪的基础上, 权衡利弊得失, 得出的结论是“ 被”并不像动词, 虽然更像介词, 但却不能简单地归人介词。 There are several ways to express passive ideas in Chinese and they use different markers, verbal or prepositional. The so-called "bei (被)" passive is mainly used in written genres and it differs from many other passive patterns in that its agent phrase can be omitted freely. The marker "bei (被)" is neither a typical verb nor a typical preposition. The past decade has witnessed many analyses that assign "bei (被)" the special status of an Exceptional Case Marking verb. After careful evaluation, the conclusion is that there is no solid evidence for treating "bei (被)" as a verb. It behaves more like a preposition than a verb. This does not mean that "bei (被)" is a preposition. Further investigation is needed.