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Title: Towards pure near-infrared to near-infrared upconversion of multifunctional GdF₃:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ nanoparticles
Authors: Wong, HT
Chan, HLW 
Hao, JH 
Issue Date: 15-Mar-2010
Source: Optics express, 15 Mar. 2010, v. 18, no. 6, p. 6123-6130
Abstract: Nearly pure near-infrared to near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) upconversion in GdF₃ host with 23% Yb³⁺ and 1% Tm³⁺ under 980 nm excitation is firstly reported. The ratio of the intensity of the emission at 807 nm to that at 478 nm can reach to 105, and the intensity of the emission at 807 nm is preserved. Moreover, the excitation and the emission at 980 and 807 nm are away from the visible region. These are beneficial to deeper tissue penetration and reduced autofluorescence. Raman spectroscopy measurements suggest the high probability of NIR emission in GdF₃ host. Our results indicate that the reported multifunctional nanoparticles are promising in bio-imaging and bio-separation.
Keywords: Gene transfer
Nanoparticles
Raman spectroscopy
Ytterbium
Publisher: Optical Society of America
Journal: Optics express 
EISSN: 1094-4087
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.006123
Rights: © 2010 Optical Society of America. This paper was published in Optics Express and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-6-6123. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.
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