宋遼唐河、徐河之戰新考

Abstract

唐河及徐河之戰，對宋軍意義重大，卻不見於遼人的官私記載。究竟是宋人誇大其詞，將小勝仗說成大勝仗，還是遼人諱言其敗？臺灣程光裕教授曾撰有 《 宋太宗對遼戰爭考 》 一書，其中第十一章＜唐河與徐河之戰 〉 , 引錄了宋遼雙方相關史料作出論述，可惜並沒有討論上述的問題。另在 1994 年，臺灣東吳大學的蔣武雄教授在他的 〈 耶律休哥與遼宋戰爭 〉 一文裹，也有一節專論耶律休哥（？一 998 ）與徐河之役，但論析亦未超過程書 。本文即試在程氏與蔣氏的研究基礎上，補入其他可見的有關記載，重新考訂這兩場戰役的真相。而唐河及徐河兩役，宋軍的主將是太宗明德李皇后（ 960 一 1004 ）長兄李繼隆（ 950 - 1005 ）。唐河及徐河兩役之得失，正關係著李繼隆軍旅生涯的榮辱，故本文另一重點為考證這位宋初外戚名將在此兩役的戰功。 According to Song accounts, the turning point of the war was the Battle of Tang River (988) and the Battle of Xu River (989) at which the Song troops, under the command of General Li Jilong 李繼隆(950-1005) , the brother-in-law of Song Taizong, had managed to defeat the Liao army and successfully restored the morale. However, when we cross-examine the validity of the Song records with the Liao sources, nothing has been mentioned about the two battles which the Song claimed victory. In this article, the author attempts to re-examine the truth of the Song accounts on the two battles by comparing the Liao sources. In addition, the author will examine the merits of Li Jilong in the victories of the two battles.