Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10397/44000
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dc.contributorDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical Technologyen_US
dc.creatorKwong, TLen_US
dc.creatorYung, KFen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-07T06:37:36Z-
dc.date.available2016-06-07T06:37:36Z-
dc.identifier.issn0960-1481en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10397/44000-
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPergamon Pressen_US
dc.rights© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.rights© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.en_US
dc.rightsThe following publication Kwong, T. L., & Yung, K. F. (2016). One-step production of biodiesel through simultaneous esterification and transesterification from highly acidic unrefined feedstock over efficient and recyclable ZnO nanostar catalyst. Renewable Energy, 90, 450-457 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.028en_US
dc.subjectBiodieselen_US
dc.subjectFree fatty aciden_US
dc.subjectSimultaneous esterification and transesterificationen_US
dc.subjectZinc oxideen_US
dc.titleOne-step production of biodiesel through simultaneous esterification and transesterification from highly acidic unrefined feedstock over efficient and recyclable ZnO nanostar catalysten_US
dc.typeJournal/Magazine Articleen_US
dc.identifier.spage450en_US
dc.identifier.epage457en_US
dc.identifier.volume90en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.028en_US
dcterms.abstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanostar synthesized by simple and up-scalable microwave-assisted surfactant free hydrolysis method was applied as catalyst for biodiesel synthesis through one-step simultaneous esterification and transesterification from high free fatty acid (FFA) contaminated unrefined feedstock. It was found that ZnO nanostar catalyst was reacted with FFA to yield zinc oleate (ZnOl) as intermediate and finally became zinc glycerolate (ZnGly). With the re-deposition of ZnGly back to the ZnO nanostar catalyst at the end of the reaction, the catalyst can be easily recovered and stay active for five cycles. Furthermore, the rate of transesterification is highly promoted by the presence of FFA (6 wt.%) which makes it an efficient catalyst for low grade feedstock like waste cooking oil and crude plant oils.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsopen accessen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationRenewable energy, May 2016, v. 90, p. 450-457en_US
dcterms.isPartOfRenewable energyen_US
dcterms.issued2016-05-
dc.identifier.isiWOS:000370102400041-
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84955291351-
dc.identifier.eissn1879-0682en_US
dc.identifier.rosgroupid2015003570-
dc.description.ros2015-2016 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalen_US
dc.description.oaAccepted Manuscripten_US
dc.identifier.FolderNumbera1130-n06-
dc.identifier.SubFormID43978-
dc.description.fundingSourceOthersen_US
dc.description.fundingTextThe Shenzhen Basic Research Program (JCYJ20150630115257899)en_US
dc.description.pubStatusPublisheden_US
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