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Title: | Functional categorization of carbapenemase-mediated resistance by a combined genotyping and two-tiered Modified Hodge Test approach | Authors: | Wong, MHY Li, Y Chan, EWC Chen, S |
Issue Date: | 16-Apr-2015 | Source: | Frontiers in microbiology, 16 Apr. 2015, v. 6, 293, p. 1-6 | Abstract: | The functional relationship between the detection of carbapenemase activity and phenotypic resistance in Gram negative bacterial pathogens is often ill-defined. To address this issue, we developed a two-tiered Modified Hodge Test (MHT) approach for carbapenemase detection and typing, in which the use of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 and Escherichia coli as indicator strains conferred two levels of sensitivities to carbapenemases. When applied alongside PCR genotyping tests for existence of known carbapenemase genes in 92 carbapenem resistant clinical isolates, this method is extremely useful in elucidating the relative role by which different enzymes contributed to the prevalent carbapenem-resistance phenotypes. With this study approach, we showed that the proportion of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains whose carbapenem resistance phenotypes could at least be partially attributed to carbapenemase were 34% and 89% respectively. Our data also facilitates detailed functional categorization of carbapenem resistance phenotypes on the basis of the types and activities of detectable carbapenemase produced by the test organism. For example, six Acinetobacter baumannii isolates harbouring the blaOXA-51/23-like gene without detectable enzymatic activities were identified, suggesting that other resistance mechanisms may be involved. On the other hand, there were seven Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which produced carbapenemase phenotype without harbouring known carbapenemase genes, inferring the existence of some hitherto unknown resistance determinants. Findings in this work therefore provide a comprehensive view on the cellular basis of carbapenem resistance phenotypes in major Gram negative bacterial species, paving the way for development of novel strategies to reverse the effects of the major resistance mechanisms concerned. | Keywords: | Acinetobacter baumannii Carbapenem resistance Genotyping Pseudomonas aeruginosa Two-tiered modified hodge test |
Publisher: | Frontiers Research Foundation | Journal: | Frontiers in microbiology | ISSN: | 1664-302X | DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00293 | Rights: | Copyright © 2015 Wong, Li, Chan and Chen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. The following publication Wong MH, Li Y, Chan EW and Chen S (2015) Functional categorization of carbapenemase-mediated resistance by a combined genotyping and two-tiered Modified Hodge Test approach. Front. Microbiol. 6:293,1-6 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00293 |
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