Influence of ChatGPT’s feedback on student motivation and learning : the moderating role of trust

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of ChatGPT’s feedback on students’ intrinsic motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes in higher education, with a focus on the moderating effect of trust. Drawing from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) theory, this study examines how AI-generated feedback affects learners’ cognitive learning status and academic performance. A survey was conducted among 300 programming students; data analysis results revealed that feedback from ChatGPT enhances intrinsic motivation, which leads to a higher level of affective and behavioural engagement, ultimately boosting learning outcomes. However, contrary to our assumption, trust towards ChatGPT negatively (instead of positively) moderates the relationship between feedback and intrinsic motivation. These findings suggest that integrating AI-driven feedback mechanisms like ChatGPT can greatly enhance educational experiences by promoting intrinsic motivation, active engagement, and academic outcomes.