Overview of superconductors and their diversified applications

Abstract

Superconductors were discovered more than a century ago, and they have transformative applications due to their unusual properties of zero DC resistance, high current-carrying capacity, Meissner effect and Josephson effect. Key domains of superconductor applications include power transmission cables, high power density electric machines, wireless power transfer, magnetic gears, magnetic energy storage, fusion reactors, magnetic resonance imaging, and some advanced systems. Challenges such as material fragility, AC losses, and cryogenic requirements necessitate sophisticated modeling and material advances. Overcoming these hurdles will unlock HTS potential for next-generation electrical efficiency and capability.