Utilizing advanced energy sharing approaches to enhance the coastal zero-emission building resilience with the mitigation of ocean impact

Abstract

Coastal buildings can benefit from ocean renewable energy facilities for clean power generation and the enhancement of ocean resilience against climate change. However, the increasing ocean renewable energy penetration may threaten grid stability. Thus, developing an energy-sharing framework is essential to balance supply and demand fluctuations in sustainable grids. The past work may not have considered the multi-dimensional EV-grid energy sharing, the instantaneous optimization for flexibility resource allocation, and the assessment of alleviation potential for coastal impacts. This work proposes an EV-grid sharing framework in the TRNSYS-Python platform using mixed-integer linear programming, aiming to maximize economic benefits through optimal resource arrangements and evaluate the coastal resilience potential of ocean renewable energy facilities. The results show that wind power generation is more cost-effective than wave power generation but less capable of matching. EV-grid sharing can refine the matching from 0.476 to 0.496 and improve the relative net present value from 9.817 × 10⁸ to 9.889 × 10⁸ HKD for the all wind-supported case in three-ZEB groups at 150 kW rented capacity. The integrated V2B may increase carbon emissions by more than 0.1 kg CO₂,eq/m², compared to grid sharing cases. The highest alleviation potential for the coastal impact indicator is 0.3, where all renewable energy facilities are installed near the metro and harbour. Further improvements can be made from the modification to EV scheduling, redistribution of EV fleets, or implementation of non-identical grid rental patterns. This framework will guide the zero-emission transitions for coastal buildings and support more resilient and versatile ocean renewable energy systems.