Electrochromic artificial synapses for spatiotemporal dual-encryption display

Abstract

Global data traffic growth poses unprecedented challenges to information security. This necessitates robust next-generation solutions, particularly multidimensional protection frameworks that integrate spatial, temporal, and multispectral modulation capabilities. To address this, inspired by structure-function coupling mechanisms in biological neurons and synapses, this study develops a novel biomimetic artificial synaptic device based on electrochromic materials. The device integrates PEDOT:PSS (enabling millisecond-level response) and WO₃·H₂O (providing stable memory) with an optimized Mg²⁺ gel electrolyte. Key performance metrics include 82.9% optical modulation at 700 nm, precisely controlled multi-state transitions, and real-time synaptic visualization. It mimics biological learning/forgetting via paired-pulse facilitation (PPF: 152–168%) and physiological timescale dynamics (τ₁ = 2.91 s, τ₂ = 6.97 s). Notably, these neuromorphic properties are translated into an innovative spatiotemporal dual-encryption logic: spatially, pixelated color-depth modulation generates geometric Morse code patterns (dot/dash = light blue/deep blue pixels); temporally, programmable optical attenuation below the 5% visual perception threshold produces time-locked, self-erasing encryption keys. This approach constructs a synergistic space/time/pulse-field encryption system, fundamentally breakthrough traditional encryption frameworks. It provides an innovative physical-layer information protection solution and expands electrochromic materials’ technological boundaries in dynamic information concealment and visual security.