Decentralized wind energy systems as catalysts for urban resilience : a design framework

Abstract

Confronting the escalating extreme weather events (EWEs) and intensifying winds, this study proposes an active response to these issues by exploring decentralized wind energy production for Peng Chau Island, Hong Kong. It integrates theoretical perspectives on energy democracy—empowering local communities through energy autonomy—and urban resilience, addressing vulnerabilities to climate-induced disruptions. Using a cost evaluation model based on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for turbine placement, the research evaluates vertical-axis microturbines (VAMTs) and Magnus Vertical-Axis Turbines (MVTs). Results show VAMTs require 609 units for an approximated US$4–5 million to meet the island's 6,660,000 kWh annual demand from peri-urban inhabitants, outperforming MVTs'’ $34-40 million for 218 units and conventional offshore turbine's $14–20 million. Beyond cost, decentralized systems mitigate EWE risks by reducing reliance on centralized grids, fostering resilience in remote urban settings. This study highlights how such systems advance sustainable development by linking practical energy solutions to broader climate adaptation and energy justice.