Transducer materials mediated deep brain stimulation in neurological disorders

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapeutic approach for treating various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, etc. Traditional DBS systems rely on implanted batteries, which pose challenges such as limited lifespan and the need for replacement surgeries. Transducer materials have provided new opportunities for developing DBS technology in recent years. These materials can convert remotely delivered energy forms, such as light, ultrasound, or magnetic fields, into electrical, thermal, light, or mechanical energy that can interface with neural signals. By injecting these materials into effective DBS targets of neurological disease and applying remote stimulation, they can generate signals such as electric, heat, or light that can interface with neurons, thus effectively regulating neural signal disturbances in the disease and treating disorders related to motor or emotional. This review offers insights into developing a class of materials to advance DBS technology for related neurological disorders. It provides a promising approach to replacing conventional electrodes and inducing neural stimulation in a noninvasive way. Future research should focus on optimizing material performance, ensuring biocompatibility, accurately modulating neural signals, and conducting clinical trials to advance this innovative field.