A web-based single-session intervention of growth mindsets for reducing practicum-related anxiety among social work and counseling trainees : a pilot randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Purpose: Practicum in social work and counseling is intensive, and trainees’ mindsets shape learning experiences. We developed an intervention named Web-based Single-session Intervention of Mindsets on Intelligence, Failure, and Emotion (We-SMILE) and examined its acceptability and efficacy on reducing practicum-related anxiety. Materials and Methods: The pilot study used a two-arm randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited from social work and counseling practicum programs and were randomly allocated to the We-SMILE or training-as-usual (TAU) group. Participants were surveyed online at pre- (T0), post-intervention (T1), two-week (T2), and eight-week (T3) follow-ups. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: A total of 37 trainees participated in the pilot study (We-SMILE group: 15, TAU group: 22). Within-group analyses showed significant effects on reducing practicum-related anxiety at post-intervention (Z = -2.010, p =.044, Cohen’s d = 1.214), improving practicum preparation (Z = -2.669, p =.008, Cohen’s d = 1.902) and confidence at eight-week follow-up (t = 2.712, p =.017, Cohen’s d = 0.700). Discussion: The We-SMILE intervention demonstrated short- and long-term positive effects in supporting practicum trainees. These findings suggest that mindsets related to intelligence, failure, and emotion can influence various dimensions of professional practice. Conclusion: The pilot study demonstrated the potential of We-SMILE as an acceptable and effective practicum training intervention. A larger sample is needed for more comprehensive evaluations.