Anisotropic textile brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)

Abstract

AIS is a prevalent spinal condition in adolescents that progresses during puberty and causes three-dimensional deformities. AIS with moderate scoliosis (Cobb angle of 20°–40°), is traditionally managed through rigid bracing, which often causes discomfort, skin irritation, and restricted mobility, thus resulting in poor compliance and an increased risk of curve progression. To address these challenges, a multidisciplinary research programme was initiated in 2016 to develop an anisotropic textile brace (ATB) for adolescents with early-stage AIS. This programme was supported by two funded projects: GRF (152061/15E, $495,728, 2016–2018) and GRF (P152101/16E, $844,559, 2017–2019) that were submitted to RAE2020. Building on previous findings, additional funding from PolyU internal seed grants (P0001310, $2M, 2019-2022), the Lee Hysan Foundation (P0034236, $3M, 2021–2026), and the Research Impact Fund (R5039-23, $5M, 2024–2028) has supported advanced development and is submitted to RAE2026. From 2020, the programme integrated engineering and biomedical techniques to refine the ATB. Finite element (FE) models of the adolescent torso were developed to simulate tissue biomechanics and optimise corrective force distribution. Large-scale Hong Kong school screenings recruited participants for iterative wear trials. Insights from objective data and feedback informed a redesigned ATB, with textile material upgrades enhancing comfort and breathability as well as modified artificial bone construction and materials to enhance strength and durability. The findings demonstrate that 23 out of 23 AIS subjects showed an immediate correction rate (≥5° Cobb angle reduction) after two hours of wear, and eight out of nine (89%) had promising outcomes indicating curve correction/stabilisation over six months. Research outputs include patents (US12,129,886B2 and ZL 202330553930.X), peer-reviewed publications, and conference presentations. Industry partnerships – fostered through exhibitions, workshops, and public talks – support clinical validation and translation. These efforts advance brace-mediated rehabilitation strategies for AIS with moderate curves.