Analysis of 3D and 4D body surfaces for design of sport specific activewear

Abstract

Following a pilot study of dentist bra design in 2020, this research is supported by grants from Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF), General Research Fund (GRF) and Sports Science and Research Funding Scheme (SRFS), totaling HK$5 million (2021-2025). The project integrates 4D scanning technology to add a time-based dimension, addressing the extent of body movement for sport-specific activewear design that conforms to human anatomy by analyzing the dynamic deformation of the body surface during exercise. This approach equips designers with precise material properties and appropriate compression for target support, significantly enhancing the prediction for tailored, sports-specific support and performance across various sports. By applying 4D dynamic body mapping and biomechanical analysis, the project has formulated data-driven activewear solutions that address the unique needs of different athletic populations. This innovation enables the creation of running leggings and sports bras that precisely accommodate movement patterns, muscle oscillations, breast kinematics, and growth variations, ensuring optimal support and comfort for elite athletes, recreational athletes and adolescent girls. This work has resulted in publications in 16 peer-reviewed journals and conferences, garnered awards at international conferences, including the Outstanding Research Paper Award at TBIS 2024 in Korea and the Best Paper Award at ICTEAA 2024 in Italy. Over 600 custom-fitted sports bras for elite racket sports athletes were used during the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics and the 2025 National Games. A collection of tailored sports bra designs for cycling, softball, hockey, and tennis, incorporating fashion into 3D and 4D breast shape analysis, was showcased in a Paris exhibition in June 2024. The study has been shared through educational workshops at the Hong Kong Sports Institute and interactive sessions in secondary schools, fostering dialogue between researchers, practitioners, and the public on the importance of science-based sportswear design.