A dynamic manikin system for objective evaluation of bra designs

Abstract

Funded by two Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF) grants totalling HK$2.8 million (2019–2023), this research addresses critical gaps in sports bra design by developing a dynamic biomechanical testing system that simulates human breast motion during physical activities. To overcome the limitations of traditional static dress forms and subject tests, Prof. Yick and the team engineered a soft-breast manikin that replicates 3D human body movement and soft tissue dynamics during running, cycling and jumping. This manikin enables the precise quantification of sport-specific breast support needs, allowing for customised fit and enhanced comfort in sports bras. By integrating biomechanics and anthropometry, the project systematically characterises the breast support performance and contact pressure of bras under realistic, dynamic conditions. More than 80 bra designs were rigorously tested, yielding actionable insights into the material properties and structural features critical for reducing breast displacement and discomfort. These findings provide designers and manufacturers with a science-driven framework to translate biomechanical data into practical design improvements and thereby ensure optimal comfort, protection and performance for users. The project’s success is evidenced by three patents, a gold medal at the 2023 Geneva International Exhibition of Inventions, and extensive industry engagement. Collaborations with global brands, international activewear manufacturers and a global testing corporation have resulted in licensing agreements and a start-up securing HK$2M for system refinement. The research is also recognised in Top Form Group’s 2024 CSR report and was featured in CHOICE magazine by the Consumer Council. Research outputs have been published in 9 leading journals and conferences, advancing both biomechanical science and activewear design. Ongoing collaborations are supported by Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs), contract research and recently renewed licensing agreements, which underscore the project’s significant sustained impact on both academic research and industry practice.