Cross-block asynchronous blockchain : a new paradigm for enhanced blockchain performance

Abstract

This paper proposes a cross-block asynchronous blockchain (CBAB), a novel blockchain architecture that enables scalable and fault-tolerant consensus in decentralized networks. CBAB differs from traditional synchronous blockchain protocols by introducing two key innovations: a transaction broadcasting method based on historical paths, and a cross-block structure that links neighbouring blocks across nodes. These innovations allow CBAB to perform fully asynchronous consensus not only by avoiding global ledger synchronization, but also by broadcasting consensus outcomes themselves as transaction data across the network. This design enables rapid local confirmation, improves overall transaction throughput, and significantly reduces network load. Simulation experiments show that CBAB achieves up to 2.8 × higher throughput and 65 % lower latency than PoS in 100-node networks, while maintaining robustness with up to 50 % faulty or malicious nodes. These results demonstrate that CBAB effectively addresses the trade-offs between performance, scalability, and reliability in large-scale blockchain systems.