Recent advances in palladium-catalyzed phosphonation of aryl halides, sulfonates and related derivatives

Abstract

Palladium-catalyzed phosphonation has emerged as a significant development in the synthesis of organophosphorus acid compounds. This review covers the literature published from 1980 to 2024, systematically examining the current progress, challenges, and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. The review begins with an introduction to the significance of phosphorus chemistry in both academic research and industrial applications and then explores traditional methods for synthesizing phosphonation compounds, emphasizing the limitations of these methods and the need for innovative reaction conditions. The central focus is on recent advancements in palladium-catalyzed phosphonation, with detailed discussions of key milestones, reaction mechanisms, and the scope of substrate applicability. The review also analyzes the roles of different palladium sources, ligands, and reaction conditions, highlighting their effects on reaction efficiency and selectivity. Finally, the conclusion summarizes recent developments and proposes future research directions to address existing challenges and expand the scope of palladium-catalyzed phosphonation.