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Title: Hong Kong anti-human trafficking framework : what lessons can be learned from Europe?
Authors: Lo, NPK 
Issue Date: 2024
Source: Frontiers in sociology, 2024, v. 9, 1395907
Abstract: This article examines the regulatory framework related to human trafficking in Hong Kong and identifies its deficiencies as the lack of an accepted internationally compliant definition of trafficking and the absence of any specific criminal offence of trafficking as a result. The article compares the approach taken in Hong Kong to efforts undertaken in Europe by the Council of Europe, the UK, and the European Union and identifies several lessons from the European experience that could help rectify failures observed in Hong Kong. In particular, effective combatting of human trafficking requires not only a definition of the offence that recognises the essential elements-an act, a means, and a purpose of exploitation-but also the establishment of sufficient state institutions and agencies dedicated to identifying and protecting trafficking victims. Without the detection of trafficking victims, criminals engaged in the act of trafficking perceive their chances of being caught and prosecuted as low and operate with impunity. This necessitates the adoption of a consistent and readily identifiable criminal offence of trafficking aligned with the approach taken by the Palermo Protocol, just as the EU and UK have done.
Keywords: Human trafficking
Anti-human trafficking framework
Hong Kong's Modern Slavery Bill
Council of Europe
European Convention on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation
Journal: Frontiers in sociology 
EISSN: 2297-7775
DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1395907
Rights: Copyright © 2024 Lo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
The following publication Lo NP-k (2024) Hong Kong anti-human trafficking framework: what lessons can be learned from Europe? Front. Sociol. 9:1395907 is available at https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1395907.
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