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Title: | Replicating HCCI-like autoignition behavior : what gasoline surrogate fidelity is needed? | Authors: | Cheng, S Goldsborough, SS Wagnon, SW Whitesides, R McNenly, M Pitz, WJ Lopez-Pintor, D Dec, JE |
Issue Date: | Dec-2022 | Source: | Applications in energy and combustion science, Dec. 2022, v. 12, 100091 | Abstract: | This work seeks to characterize the fidelity needed in a gasoline surrogate with the intent to replicate the complex autoignition behavior exhibited within advanced combustion engines, and specifically Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). A low-temperature gasoline combustion (LGTC) engine operating in HCCI mode and a rapid compression machine (RCM) are utilized to experimentally quantify fuel reactivity, through autoignition and preliminary heat release characteristics. Fuels considered include a research grade E10 U.S. gasoline (RD5-87), three multi-component surrogates (PACE-1, PACE-8, PACE-20), and a binary surrogate (PRF88.4). Each fuel was studied at lean/HCCI-like conditions covering a wide range of temperatures and pressures that are representative of naturally aspirated to high boost engine operation. Detailed chemical kinetic modeling is also undertaken using a recently updated gasoline surrogate kinetic model to simulate the RCM experiments and to provide chemical insight into surrogate-to-surrogate differences. The LGTC engine experiments demonstrate nearly identical reactivity between PACE-20 and RD5-87 across studied conditions, while faster phasing is seen for both PACE-1 and PACE-8 due to their stronger intermediate- and low-temperature heat release (ITHR/LTHR) at naturally aspirated and boosted conditions, respectively. The RCM experiments reveal typical low-temperature, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) and intermediate-temperature autoignition behaviors at all pressure conditions for RD5-87, which are qualitatively reproduced by all surrogates. Quantitative discrepancies in both autoignition and preliminary heat release are observed for all surrogates, while their ability to replicate RD5-87 autoignition behavior follows the order of PACE-20 > PACE-1 > PACE-8 > PRF88.4. Excellent mapping is obtained between the LGTC engine and the RCM, where the engine pressure-time trajectories can be characterized by the regimes represented by the RCM autoignition isopleths. The kinetic model performs commendably when simulating both autoignition and preliminary heat release of PACE-20, while typically overpredicting ignition delay times for PACE-1, PACE-8 and PRF88.4 at high-pressure and low-temperature/NTC conditions. Sensitivity and rate of production (ROP) analyses highlight surrogate-to-surrogate differences in the governing chemical kinetics where n-pentane initiates rapid OH branching at a faster rate and an earlier timing for PACE-20 than iso-pentane does for PACE-1 and PACE-8, making it computationally more reactive than the other surrogates. The current study highlights the need to include non-standardized properties, such as the lean/HCCI-like autoignition characteristics, in addition to ASTM properties (e.g., RON, MON) as metrics of fuel reactivity and targets to be matched when formulating high-fidelity surrogates that fully capture gasoline advanced combustion behavior such as HCCI-like autoignition. | Keywords: | Chemical kinetic modeling Gasoline surrogates HCCI-like autoignition Low temperature gasoline combustion engine Rapid compression machine |
Publisher: | Elsevier Ltd | Journal: | Applications in energy and combustion science | EISSN: | 2666-352X | DOI: | 10.1016/j.jaecs.2022.100091 | Rights: | © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/). The following publication Cheng, S., Goldsborough, S. S., Wagnon, S. W., Whitesides, R., McNenly, M., Pitz, W. J., Lopez-Pintor, D., & Dec, J. E. (2022). Replicating HCCI-like autoignition behavior: What gasoline surrogate fidelity is needed? Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 12, 100091 is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2022.100091. |
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