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Title: | Prevalence of insomnia and its association with quality of life in caregivers of psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic : a network analysis | Authors: | Chen, P Zhao, YJ An, FR Li, XH Lam, MI Lok, KI Wang, YY Li, JX Su, ZH Cheung, T Ungvari, GS Ng, CH Zhang, QE Xiang, YT |
Issue Date: | 2023 | Source: | BMC psychiatry, 2023, v. 23, 837 | Abstract: | Background Studies on sleep problems among caregivers of psychiatric patients, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, are limited. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of insomnia symptoms (insomnia hereafter) among caregivers of psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the association with quality of life (QoL) from a network analysis perspective.Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted on caregivers of inpatients across seven tertiary psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units of general hospitals. Network analysis explored the structure of insomnia using the R program. The centrality index of "Expected influence" was used to identify central symptoms in the network, and the "flow" function was adopted to identify specific symptoms that were directly associated with QoL.Results : A total of 1,101 caregivers were included. The overall prevalence of insomnia was 18.9% (n = 208; 95% CI = 16.7-21.3%). Severe depressive (OR = 1.185; P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.099; P = 0.003), and severe fatigue (OR = 1.320; P < 0.001) were associated with more severe insomnia. The most central nodes included ISI2 ("Sleep maintenance"), ISI7 ("Distress caused by the sleep difficulties") and ISI1 ("Severity of sleep onset"), while "Sleep dissatisfaction" (ISI4), "Distress caused by the sleep difficulties" (ISI7) and "Interference with daytime functioning" (ISI5) had the strongest negative associations with QoL.Conclusion: The insomnia prevalence was high among caregivers of psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in those with depression, anxiety and fatigue. Considering the negative impact of insomnia on QoL, effective interventions that address insomnia and alteration of sleep dissatisfaction should be developed. | Keywords: | Insomnia Quality of life COVID-19 Caregivers Network analysis |
Publisher: | BioMed Central | Journal: | BMC psychiatry | EISSN: | 1471-244X | DOI: | 10.1186/s12888-023-05194-w | Rights: | © The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. The following publication Chen, P., Zhao, YJ., An, FR. et al. Prevalence of insomnia and its association with quality of life in caregivers of psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis. BMC Psychiatry 23, 837 (2023) is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05194-w. |
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