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Title: | Design and characterize of kirigami-inspired springs and the application in vertebrae exoskeleton for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace treatment | Authors: | Lei, QE Shu, J Wang, J Cheung, HY Cheung, JPY Wong, WF Lau, SCY Yip, J Tong, RKY |
Issue Date: | 2023 | Source: | Frontiers in mechanical engineering, 2023, v. 9, 1152930 | Abstract: | Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a common condition that affects children between the age of 10 and young adulthood. Rigid brace treatment is an effective treatment to control the progression of spinal deformity. However, it limits mobility and causes discomfort, which leads to low treatment compliance. In this study, we developed and characterized a kirigami-inspired CT/MRI compatible spring that could be employed to modify our previously designed exoskeleton hinge vertebrae to provide immediate in-brace correction, good wear comfort, and one that does not inhibit mobility simultaneously. Additive manufacturing has drawn significant interest in academic and industrial terms due to its ability to produce geometrically complex structures. The structural design and dimension of the proposed 3D printed kirigami-inspired springs were optimized with the finite element method (FEM). The carbon-fiber-reinforced nylon material (PA-CF) was selected as the material of the kirigami-inspired spring with the balance of printing easiness and performance of the material. The stiffness of designed kirigami-inspired springs varied between 1.20 and 42.01 N/mm. A case series study with three scoliosis patients has been conducted to investigate the immediate in-brace effect on reducing the spinal curvature and asymmetry of the body contours using radiographic examination. The experiment results show that there are 4.6%–50.5% improvements in Cobb angle for different sections of spines. The X-ray images proved that our kirigami-inspired springs would not block views for Cobb angle measurements. | Keywords: | 3D printing Brace Finite element methods Kirigami Scoliosis |
Publisher: | Frontiers Research Foundation | Journal: | Frontiers in mechanical engineering | EISSN: | 2297-3079 | DOI: | 10.3389/fmech.2023.1152930 | Rights: | © 2023 Lei, Shu, Wang, Cheung, Cheung, Wong, Lau, Yip and Tong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. The following publication Lei QE, Shu J, Wang J, Cheung HY, Cheung JPY, Wong WF, Lau SCY, Yip J and Tong RKY (2023) Design and characterize of kirigami-inspired springs and the application in vertebrae exoskeleton for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace treatment. Front. Mech. Eng 9:1152930 is available at https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2023.1152930. |
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