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http://hdl.handle.net/10397/105300
Title: | Long-term variability of atmospheric visual range (1980–2020) over diverse topography of Pakistan | Authors: | Javed, S Shahzad, MI Abbas, S Nazeer, M |
Issue Date: | Jan-2023 | Source: | Remote sensing, Jan. 2023, v. 15, no. 1, 46 | Abstract: | A substantial drop in atmospheric visibility or visual range (VR) is documented in several parts of the world. We examined the long-term spatiotemporal variability in ground-based VR data for ten airports in Pakistan from 1980 to 2020. Average VR time series analysis was performed using nonparametric tests of Mann–Kendall (MK), Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK), Sen’s Slope (SS), and Sequential Mann–Kendall (SMK), followed by spatiotemporal mapping. Bad VR (<5 km) conditions prevailed over more than 60% of the study period. Noticeably, VR was better during 1991–2000 due to the high average annual rainfall (905 mm) during the 1990s. Plain areas such as Faisalabad experienced the greatest number of bad VR days with hourly (92.85%), daily (95.35%), monthly (90.97%), and seasonal (90.97%) measurements, followed by Sialkot and Multan. The VR of lowlands in central, southern, and eastern Punjab and northern, central, and eastern Sindh showed decreasing trends. In contrast, the VR in coastal areas of south and southwestern Sindh, in the western highlands, and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, have indicated positive trends. The results of this study will support policymakers in catering to the issue of declining VR in the region by supporting and developing strategies to limit the factor associated with VR. | Keywords: | Air pollution ASOS Atmospheric visibility AWOS Mann–Kendall Pakistan Sen’s Slope Visual range |
Publisher: | Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) | Journal: | Remote sensing | EISSN: | 2072-4292 | DOI: | 10.3390/rs15010046 | Rights: | © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The following publication Javed S, Shahzad MI, Abbas S, Nazeer M. Long-Term Variability of Atmospheric Visual Range (1980–2020) over Diverse Topography of Pakistan. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(1):46 is available at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010046. |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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