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Title: Weekly changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in children during and following orthokeratology treatment with different compression factors
Authors: Lau, JK 
Wan, K 
Cheung, SW 
Vincent, SJ
Cho, P 
Issue Date: 2019
Source: Translational vision science & technology, July 2019, v. 8, no. 4, 9, p. 1-14
Abstract: Purpose: To determine the influence of compression factor upon changes in axial length and choroidal thickness during and following orthokeratology treatment.
Methods: Orthokeratology lenses of different compression factors (one eye with 0.75 D and the fellow eye with 1.75 D) were randomly assigned to 28 subjects (median [range] age: 9.3 [7.8-11.0] years). Ocular biometrics were measured weekly for 1 month of lens wear and after lens cessation until the refraction stabilized (mean duration: 2.8 +/- 0.4 weeks). Changes between eyes, and the associations between axial shortening and choroidal thickening with other ocular biometrics were analyzed.
Results: There were no significant between-eye differences in the changes of ocular biometrics (all P > 0.05). After adjusting for paired-eye data, axial length initially decreased by 26 +/- 41 mu m (P = 0.03) at week 1, then gradually returned to its original length. An approximate antiphase relationship of choroidal thickness (mean change: 9 +/- 12 mu m, P < 0.001) with axial length was observed. A significant rebound in axial length, but not choroidal thickness, occurred during the cessation period. Central corneal thinning and choroidal thickening accounted for 70% of initial axial shortening.
Conclusions: Increasing the compression factor by 1.00 D did not affect changes in ocular biometrics in short-term orthokeratology. Significant axial shortening and choroidal thickening were observed during early treatment period. Axial shortening could not be entirely explained by central corneal thinning and choroidal thickening, which warrants further investigation.
Translational Relevance: Initial axial shortening in orthokeratology is transient and therefore axial length remains useful for long-term monitoring of axial elongation in children.
Keywords: Orthokeratology
Compression factor
Axial length
Choroidal thickness
Myopia control
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Journal: Translational vision science & technology 
EISSN: 2164-2591
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.4.9
Rights: Copyright 2019 The Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
The following publication Lau JK, Wan K, Cheung SW, Vincent SJ, Cho P. Weekly changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in children during and following orthokeratology treatment with different compression factors. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2019;8(4):9, 1-14 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.4.9
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