Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/10397/94062
Title: | Effects of learning item difficulty and value on cognitive offloading during middle childhood | Authors: | Dong, X Liu, Y Lu, HJ |
Issue Date: | Dec-2022 | Source: | Metacognition learning, Dec. 2022, v. 17, no. 3, p. 1097-1115 | Abstract: | The storage of information in external tools (e.g., notebook, cellphone) has become increasingly common. Some researchers have defined this behavior as cognitive offloading, which is a type of learning strategy. Studies have indicated that as age increases, children become increasingly capable of calibrating their learning strategies according to the difficulty of learning items. The value of items is also essential in people’s daily learning. However, how children apply both cues of item difficulty and item value for cognitive offloading to regulate their learning process remains unclear. In three studies, we investigated children’s offloading of learning items by manipulating these items’ difficulty and value (Study 1), value alone with difficulty being unvaried (Study 2), and difficulty and value with an emphasis on value (Study 3). The results indicate that children aged 11 years used difficulty cues alone for cognitive offloading when both difficulty and value cues were presented. However, when difficulty was controlled and value was emphasized, the 11-year-old children adopted cognitive offloading strategies based on value cues. The three studies revealed the conditions under which children in middle childhood apply cues of the item value, which are goal-driven cues, for cognitive offloading and provided methods for encouraging children to simultaneously apply item difficulty cues, which are data-driven cues, and item value cues. | Keywords: | Cognitive offloading Difficulty Metacognitive control Middle childhood Value |
Publisher: | Springer New York LLC | Journal: | Metacognition learning | ISSN: | 1556-1623 | EISSN: | 1556-1631 | DOI: | 10.1007/s11409-022-09309-8 | Rights: | © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022 This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use (https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/accepted-manuscript-terms), but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11409-022-09309-8. |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dong_Learning_Item_Difficulty.pdf | Pre-Published version | 1.78 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Page views
53
Last Week
1
1
Last month
Citations as of May 5, 2024
Downloads
32
Citations as of May 5, 2024
SCOPUSTM
Citations
1
Citations as of Apr 26, 2024
WEB OF SCIENCETM
Citations
1
Citations as of May 2, 2024
Google ScholarTM
Check
Altmetric
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.