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http://hdl.handle.net/10397/93674
Title: | Deep learning-based bone suppression in chest radiographs using CT-derived features : a feasibility study | Authors: | Ren, G Xiao, H Lam, SK Yang, D Li, T Teng, X Qin, J Cai, J |
Issue Date: | Dec-2021 | Source: | Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, Dec. 2021, v. 11, no. 12, p. 4807- 4819 | Abstract: | Background: Bone suppression of chest X-ray holds the potential to improve the accuracy of target localization in image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). However, the training dataset for bone suppression is limited because of the scarcity of bone-free radiographs. This study aims to develop a deep learning-based bone suppression method using CT-derived features to reduce the reliance on the bone-free dataset. Methods: In this study, 59 high-resolution lung CT scans were processed to generate the lung digital radiographs (DRs), bone DRs, and bone-free DRs, for the training and internal validation of the proposed cascade convolutional neural network (CCNN). A three-stage image processing framework (CT segmentation, DR simulation, and feature expansion) was developed to expand simulated lung DRs with different weightings of bone intensity. The CCNN consists of a bone detection network and a bone suppression network. In external validation, the trained CCNN was evaluated using 30 chest radiographs. The synthesized bone-suppressed radiographs were compared with the bone-suppressed reference in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed feature expansion method and CCNN model were assessed via the ablation experiment and replacement experiment, respectively. Results: Evaluation on real chest radiographs showed that the bone-suppressed chest radiographs closely matched with the bone-suppressed reference, achieving an accuracy of MAE =0.0087±0.0030, SSIM =0.8458±0.0317, correlation of 0.9554±0.0170, and PNSR of 20.86±1.60. After removing the feature expansion from the CCNN model, the performance decreased in terms of MAE (0.0294±0.0093, −237.9%), SSIM (0.7747±0.0.0416, −8.4%), correlation (0.8772±0.0271, −8.2%), and PSNR (15.53±1.42, −25.5%) metrics. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated a novel deep learning-based bone suppression method using CT-derived features to reduce the reliance on the bone-free dataset. Implementation of the feature expansion procedures resulted in a remarkable reinforcement of the model performance. For the application of target localization in IGRT, the clinical testing of the proposed method in the context of radiation therapy is a necessary procedure to move from theory into practice. |
Keywords: | Bone suppression Cascade neural network Deep learning Chest radiograph Chest X-ray |
Publisher: | AME Publishing Company | Journal: | Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery | ISSN: | 2223-4292 | EISSN: | 2223-4306 | DOI: | 10.21037/qims-20-1230 | Rights: | © Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the noncommercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The following publication Ren, G., Xiao, H., Lam, S. K., Yang, D., Li, T., Teng, X., ... & Cai, J. (2021). Deep learning-based bone suppression in chest radiographs using CT-derived features: a feasibility study. Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery, 11(12), 4807-4819 is available at https://doi.org/10.21037/qims-20-1230 |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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