同声传译的口语性特征及其对口译教学的启示——以电视同传为例

Abstract

The study explores the orality features of simultaneous interpreting (SI) through the analysis of professional interpreters’ SI performance in a live TV event. By systematically annotating and analyzing repairs, repetitions, false starts, filled and unfilled pauses in the interpreted output of professional interpreters, the study finds that repairs rank the highest among types of disfluencies in the SI output, followed by filled pauses, repetitions and false starts. The frequency of repairs is much lower than that in standard conference SI performance. The ratio of silent pauses within the range of 1-3s is higher than that in the source speech. Most silent pauses occur at syntactic boundaries, such as before sentences or before clauses, and the ratio of silent pauses within phrases and between parallel structures is lower than that in the source speech. These orality features are the result of online information processing by interpreters. While reflecting the norms of media interpreting at work, these features embody the professional requirements of media interpreting, including the standards of fluency, synchronization of sound and image, and accuracy and conciseness of message. The present exploration into orality features could enhance the understanding of SI cognitive processing and media interpreting as a unique professional interpreting form. The article concludes by discussing the practical implications of the study for interpreting training. 文章分析了职业译员电视直播同传译语的口语性特征,通过系统标注与分析同传译语中的修正、重复、错误启动、填充与静默停顿现象,考察英汉同传译语口语性特征的表现及成因。研究发现:电视同传译语各非流利类型中,修正比例最高,填充停顿次之,重复和错误启动极少;电视同传译语修正频率远低于标准会议口译同传译语;译语中时长在 1~ 3 秒范围内的静默停顿比例较原语增加,静默停顿的位置多位于句前和子句开头的句法分界处,词组内与并列词组间静默停顿的比例较原语降低。这些口语性特征既是同声传译在线认知加工的需要,也凸显了电视同传流利性、音画一致性、信息简洁准确等职业要求,体现了媒体传译的口译规范。对口语性特征的探究有助于加深对同声传译认知加工过程的了解,深化对媒体传译职业形式的认识,同时对口译教学也有重要启示。