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Title: | Smouldering fire and emission characteristics of Eucalyptus litter fuel | Authors: | Wang, H van Eyk, PJ Medwell, PR Birzer, CH Tian, ZF Possell, M Huang, X |
Issue Date: | Apr-2022 | Source: | Fire and materials, Apr. 2022, v. 46, no. 3, p. 576-586 | Abstract: | Eucalyptus is one of the most widespread genera around the world and a key element in recent wildfires. In a Eucalyptus forest, the accumulation of litter builds up a ground fuel layer that can support both flaming and smouldering wildfires. This work investigates the smouldering wildfire on leaf, bark, and twig beds (bulk density: 70-140 kg/m3) of Eucalyptus species. Two-stage smouldering spread processes are observed. The first-stage smouldering fire has the peak temperature of 600°C-700°C and spread rate of 5-9 mm/min. The measured emission factors are 1000-1500 g/kg (CO2), 180-450 g/kg (CO), 9-16 g/kg (CH4), and 2-6 g/kg (H2), respectively. The CO/CO2 ratio ranges from 0.15 (leaf) to 0.8 (bark). Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the smouldering fire spread is slower in leaf than those in bark and twig. The burning of stringy barks is less complete, compared to smooth barks. For leaf and twig beds, the influence of Eucalyptus species and heating value on smouldering fire is negligible. This is the first work to reveal smouldering fire behaviors on different Eucalyptus litter fuels and provides valuable information for understanding the effects of Eucalyptus species and plant parts on smouldering combustion. | Keywords: | Fire emission factor Ground fuel Smouldering combustion Wildland fire |
Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons | Journal: | Fire and materials | ISSN: | 0308-0501 | EISSN: | 1099-1018 | DOI: | 10.1002/fam.3004 | Rights: | © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wang, H, van Eyk, PJ, Medwell, PR, et al. Smouldering fire and emission characteristics of Eucalyptus litter fuel. Fire and Materials. 2022; 46( 3): 576- 586, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.3004. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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Wang_Smouldering_Fire_Emission.pdf | Pre-Published version | 1.13 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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