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Title: | Effectiveness of a brief self-determination theory-based smoking cessation intervention for smokers at emergency departments in Hong Kong : a randomized clinical trial | Authors: | Li, WHC Ho, KY Wang, MP Cheung, DYT Lam, KKW Xia, W Cheung, KY Wong, CKH Chan, SSC Lam, TH |
Issue Date: | 2020 | Source: | JAMA internal medicine, 2020, v. 180, no. 2, p.206-214 | Abstract: | Importance: Clinicians have an opportunity to provide smoking cessation interventions to smokers who present to emergency departments (EDs). The effectiveness of a brief intervention based on self-determination theory for smoking cessation is uncertain. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a brief intervention based on self-determination theory for smoking cessation (immediate or progressive) among Chinese smokers presenting at EDs in Hong Kong. Design, Setting, and Participants: This single-blind, multicenter intent-to-treat randomized clinical trial was conducted at the EDs of 4 major acute care hospitals in different districts of Hong Kong. In total, 1571 smokers 18 years or older who presented at 4 major EDs between July 4, 2015, and March 17, 2017, were randomized into an intervention group (n = 787) and a control group (n = 784). Interventions: The intervention group received brief advice (about 1 minute) and could choose their own quit schedules (immediate or progressive). The control group received a smoking cessation leaflet. Main Outcomes and Measures: Follow-up visits were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome measure, by intent to treat, was biochemically validated abstinence at 6 months. Results: Participants (N = 1571) included 1381 men (87.9%); the mean (SD) age at baseline was 47.4 (16.4) years. Among participants who self-reported abstinence at 6 months, 50.3% (85 of 169) had biochemical validation by both an exhaled carbon monoxide test and a saliva cotinine test. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had statistically higher biochemically validated abstinence at 6 months: 6.7% (53 of 787) vs 2.8% (22 of 784) (P <.001), with an adjusted relative risk of 3.21 (95% CI, 1.74-5.93; P <.001). The intervention group also had higher self-reported quit rates at 6 months (12.2% [96 of 787] vs 9.3% [73 of 784], P =.04) and 12 months (13.0% [102 of 787] vs 8.5% [67 of 784], P <.01), as well as higher biochemically validated abstinence at 12 months (7.0% [55 of 787] vs 3.7% [29 of 784], P <.001). The additional cost for each intervention group participant was US $0.47, with an estimated gain of 0.0238 quality-adjusted life-year. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (US $19.53) fell within acceptable thresholds. Conclusions and Relevance: This brief, low-cost self-determination theory-based intervention for smokers presenting at EDs effectively increased the biochemically validated quit rate at 6 months. If delivered routinely, such a simple intervention may offer a cost-effective and sustainable approach to help many smokers quit smoking. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02660957. |
Publisher: | American Medical Association | Journal: | JAMA internal medicine | ISSN: | 2168-6106 | EISSN: | 2168-6114 | DOI: | 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5176 | Rights: | © 2019 Li WHC et al. JAMA Internal Medicine. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. The following publication Li WHC, Ho KY, Wang MP, et al. Effectiveness of a Brief Self-determination Theory–Based Smoking Cessation Intervention for Smokers at Emergency Departments in Hong Kong: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(2):206–214, is available at https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5176 |
Appears in Collections: | Journal/Magazine Article |
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