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Title: Multisite joint pain in older Australian women is associated with poorer psychosocial health and greater medication use
Authors: De Luca, K
Wong, A 
Eklund, A
Fernandez, M
Byles, JE
Parkinson, L
Ferreira, ML
Hartvigsen, J
Issue Date: 12-Feb-2019
Source: Chiropractic and manual therapies, 12 Feb. 2019, v. 27, 8, p.1-9
Abstract: Background: Musculoskeletal pain frequently occurs in more than one body region, with up to 80% of adults reporting more than one joint pain site in the last 12 months. Older people and females are known to be more susceptible to multiple joint pain sites, however the association of multisite joint pain with physical and psychosocial functions in this population are unknown.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from 579 women were analyzed. Women were asked "Which of your joints have been troublesome on most days of the past month?" Pain qualities were measured using the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Short Form) and PainDETECT, and health was assessed using the SF-36 and sociodemographic variables. Statistical analysis using generalized ordinal logistic regression included comparison of three joint pain groups: no joint pain, 1-4 sites of joint pain and ≥ 5 sites of joint pain.
Results: Two thirds of respondents had multisite pain (>1 site), and one third had ≥5 joint pain sites. Compared to women with fewer joint pain sites, women with >5 joint pain sites (multisite joint pain) had significantly poorer physical and emotional health-related quality of life, more severe pain, a higher probability of neuropathic pain, and a longer duration of pain. More than half of women in the multisite joint pain group were still employed, statistically significantly more than women with no joint pain. In the final model, pain duration, the number of medications, pain intensity (discomforting and distressing) and the physical component of health-related quality of life were significantly associated with increased number of joint pain sites.
Conclusions: Over one-third of older women in our sample had >5 painful joints in the last month. These women demonstrated significantly poorer psychosocial health, and increased medication use, than women with no or fewer sites of joint pain. Many women with multisite joint pain were still in the workforce, even when nearing retirement age. This study has important implications for future research into musculoskeletal pain, particularly in regards to womens health and wellbeing, and for clinical practice where there should be increased awareness of the implications of concurrent, multisite joint pain.
Keywords: Aging
Arthralgia
Epidemiology
Musculoskeletal pain
Pain
Quality of life
Women's health
Publisher: BioMed Central
Journal: Chiropractic and manual therapies 
EISSN: 2045-709X
DOI: 10.1186/s12998-018-0224-9
Rights: © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
The following publication de Luca, K., Wong, A., Eklund, A., Fernandez, M., Byles, J. E., Parkinson, L., ... & Hartvigsen, J. (2019). Multisite joint pain in older Australian women is associated with poorer psychosocial health and greater medication use. Chiropractic & manual therapies, 27(1), 8 is available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12998-018-0224-9
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