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Title: Measuring crowdedness between adjacent stations in an urban metro system : a Chinese case study
Authors: Jiao, L
Shen, L
Shuai, C 
Tan, Y 
He, B
Issue Date: 2017
Source: Sustainability, Dec. 2017, v. 9, no. 12, 2325
Abstract: The urban metro system has been widely appreciated as the most important component in urban infrastructures. It plays a critical role in promoting urban social and economic development, and particularly in reducing the urban traffic congestion. However, there are various inherent problems with operating metro systems, which typically involve the crowdedness both at stations and inside vehicles. Both policymakers and academic researchers in China have paid little attention to the crowdedness between metro stations. In order to solve the problem of crowdedness, it is necessary to develop a method to evaluate the level of crowdedness. This work establishes a model to measure the crowdedness between adjacent stations in a metro system based on the load factor principle, passenger standing density, and other factors such as the metro operation schedule and estimations of passenger flows. The Chongqing Metro Line 3 in China is used as a case study to demonstrate the application of the evaluation model. The case study reveals that the model introduced in this study can assist with assessing the crowdedness level between adjacent stations in a metro line. The model is an effective tool for helping the metro management and administration understand the level of crowdedness, apply proper methods to mitigate the crowdedness, and thus improve the quality of the service for those utilizing the metro system.
Keywords: China
Crowdedness
Evaluation model
Urban metro stations
Publisher: MDPI AG
Journal: Sustainability 
EISSN: 2071-1050
DOI: 10.3390/su9122325
Rights: © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The following publication Jiao, L.; Shen, L.; Shuai, C.; Tan, Y.; He, B. Measuring Crowdedness between Adjacent Stations in an Urban Metro System: a Chinese Case Study. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2325, 1-14 is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9122325
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