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Title: Stacking sequence and interlayer coupling in few-layer graphene revealed by in situ imaging
Authors: Wang, ZJ
Dong, J
Cui, Y
Eres, G
Timpe, O
Fu, Q
Ding, F 
Schloegl, R
Willinger, MG
Issue Date: 2016
Source: Nature communications, 19 2016, v. 7, no. , 13256, p. 1-12
Abstract: In the transition from graphene to graphite, the addition of each individual graphene layer modifies the electronic structure and produces a different material with unique properties. Controlled growth of few-layer graphene is therefore of fundamental interest and will provide access to materials with engineered electronic structure. Here we combine isothermal growth and etching experiments with in situ scanning electron microscopy to reveal the stacking sequence and interlayer coupling strength in few-layer graphene. The observed layer-dependent etching rates reveal the relative strength of the graphene-graphene and graphene-substrate interaction and the resulting mode of adlayer growth. Scanning tunnelling microscopy and density functional theory calculations confirm a strong coupling between graphene edge atoms and platinum. Simulated etching confirms that etching can be viewed as reversed growth. This work demonstrates that real-time imaging under controlled atmosphere is a powerful method for designing synthesis protocols for sp2 carbon nanostructures in between graphene and graphite.
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Journal: Nature communications 
EISSN: 2041-1723
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13256
Rights: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
© The Author(s) 2016
The following publication Wang, Z.-J. et al. Stacking sequence and interlayer coupling in few-layer graphene revealed by in situ imaging. Nat. Commun. 7, 13256 (2016) is available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13256
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