汉语主题句的特性

Abstract

本文讨论与汉语主题有关的几个问题。出发点是主题的定义应该包括句法结构、语义和语用几方面的要求，以利于解决许多长期争论不休的问题，如泛指名词作主题，时间地点名词词组充当主题等。接下来讨论的问题是所谓的“汉语式主题”，即与述语没有结构关系的主题。在按类别逐个讨论之后，本文的结论是这些主题其实都跟述语中某个位置相关，并无特别之处。本文还讨论了文献中提到过的主题功能，得出的结论是主题并没有本身特有的句法功能，唯一的例外是在主题链中控制相关名词的删除或代词化。主题链的形成，主题链的歧义特点和歧义的消除则在最后一节里讨论。 The topic comment construction is found in many languages and has attracted much research interest among Chinese linguists ever since Chao (1968) borrows this concept from semantics and discourse analysis to analyze Chinese sentences. This paper is an attempt to summarize the important findings in the study of Chinese topics and to tackle some of the long-standing problems associated with them.