状位名形组合中名词的语义特征及其受限机制

Abstract

根据韵律特征和语义特点,"N2+A"在"N1+N2+A+地+VP"结构中独立做状语需要一定的句法语义条件。按照由具体到抽象的原则,N2的语义从外在面貌、行为特征、内在状态三个方面可细化为九个特征。根据VP和A的语义指向以及N2是"非器官名词"还是"器官名词",存在着判定、排除、辨析三个机制对N2是否与A组合做状语起着约束作用,这一点可通过词语插入法和句法分解法来进行形式验证。所得出的名词语义特征和约束机制对对外汉语教学和自然语言处理都具有重要的参考价值。 Based on the prosody and meaning, we discuss syntactic and semantic conditions for N2 + A as an independent adverbial in N1 + N2 + A + de + VP. According to the external appearance, the behavior and the internal state, N2 will be divided into nine types from concrete to abstract principles. There are determining, eliminating and distinguishing mechanisms which presented to govern N2 combining with A as adverbial by semantic orientation of VP and A, and whether N2 is organic or not. These mechanisms can be formally verified by word-insertion and syntactic disassembly. They are very important for both teaching Chinese for foreign student and natural language processing.