Refractive index sensor based on a microhole in single-mode fiber created by the use of femtosecond laser micromachining

Abstract

A compact in-fiber refractive index (RI) sensor is presented that is based on a microhole created in a conventional single-mode fiber by the use of femtosecond laser micromachining. The transmission properties of such a device with a microhole of different diameters have been investigated in the wavelength region of 1500-1600 nm and in the RI range of 1.30-1.45. It is found that the relationship between the transmission and the RI is critically dependent on the size of the microhole in the fiber core region. The highest resolution obtained is 6.70×10⁻⁵, in the RI range of 1.37-1.42, when the microhole diameter is ~8 μm, close to the fiber core size. The in-fiber RI sensor developed in this work is easy to fabricate and can be used to implement temperature-independent measurements.